Interview: "Understanding processes at the interface of subglacial sediments is critical for the climate system"

In this interview, iC3 postdoc Philip Pika discusses his work on biogeochemistry at environmental interfaces, such as subglacial systems in Antarctica, and its implications for climate and planetary science.

Can you briefly describe yourself and the focus of your research?

My name is Philip Pika and I’m a biogeochemist by training. I like to work at the interface of subjects and environments. Biogeochemistry itself is a combination of three different fields—biology, geology, and chemistry—and by combining these, you can understand systems better than if you just look from one perspective.

I’ve worked at various interfaces, such as at the sediment-water boundary in shallow and deep oceans. In permafrost areas, I studied biogeochemical processes at the ice/water/soil interface, which ultimately led me to work on subglacial sediments under Greenland.

Now, at the Biogeochemistry and Modeling of the Earth System lab in Brussels (Belgium), I continue this work but with a focus on Antarctica.

Credit: Jade Hatton

Why is it important to study these interfaces?

Interfaces are where the most interesting processes occur. They involve interactions across different spatial and temporal scales, and they bring together environments and ecosystems with unique physiological and biological adaptations. These interactions create dynamic systems that are fascinating to study. For example, subglacial environments were once thought to be lifeless, much like the ocean floor was believed to be a desert until some time ago.

Now, we know these environments are vibrant ecosystems with many biogeochemical processes occurring and hold significant implications for planetary science and climate research. Methane release from glaciers, for instance, is a critical area of study because massive amounts of methane hydrates are stored under the ice, and we need to understand what happens to them.

How is this related to what iC3 is doing?

iC3 itself is an interface—it stands for ice, carbon, climate, and cryosphere. My work on subglacial sediments and biogeochemistry aligns perfectly with iC3’s focus. It’s about understanding the processes at these critical interfaces and how they impact the broader climate system.

How are you studying these interfaces and biogeochemistry?

I primarily use numerical simulations, data analysis, and literature reviews to find proxies that inform my work. It’s a bit like detective work—piecing together different leads to answer complex questions. I also collaborate with colleagues to gather diverse sources of information and compile them into a comprehensive tool to address my research questions.

While modeling is my main focus, I’ve also participated in fieldwork, such as drilling through Greenland’s ice to retrieve subglacial sediments. Fieldwork provides a unique perspective on the challenges of data collection and the value of each data point.

How has your research focus evolved since the beginning of your career? 

I started my PhD in the UK, focusing on the reactivity of organic matter in marine sediments. I used oxygen concentration profiles to estimate how reactive buried organic matter is and its potential to release CO2 back into the atmosphere.

After Brexit, I moved to Belgium to complete my PhD. My first postdoc in Amsterdam focused on permafrost systems, modeling the release and transformation of organic carbon.

In Prague, I worked on subglacial sediments in Greenland, studying methane sources and microbial communities. Now, at ULB, I’m continuing similar research but with a broader scope, extending from Greenland to Antarctica.

What technologies or methodologies excite you most in your field?

Numerical modeling is a powerful tool for exploring systems we don’t fully understand. It allows us to make reasonable assumptions, test hypotheses, and communicate ideas effectively.

Machine learning and AI have also opened exciting opportunities, though they come with challenges and responsibilities. Fieldwork remains a unique and invaluable experience, providing insights that complement theoretical models.

Credit: Philip Pika

What challenges have you faced in your research, and how do you overcome them?

One major challenge is isolation when doing research. Research can feel lonely, but I’ve learned that many others feel the same way. Talking to colleagues and sharing ideas is incredibly motivating.

Being part of a collaborative group like iC3 is a privilege because it allows for constant interaction and support.

Another challenge is the transient nature of academic positions, which often require frequent relocations. While this has broadened my network, it has also made finding a permanent position difficult.

Could you describe a particularly memorable moment in your research?

Retrieving subglacial sediments during a Greenland expedition was a standout moment. The effort, collaboration, and resources that went into it made it incredibly rewarding. It was a unique experience that highlighted the challenges and rewards of fieldwork.

If you had an unlimited budget for your research, how would you allocate it?

I would fund campaigns to explore under-studied regions, both in marine and terrestrial systems. Many areas remain unexplored due to funding and logistical challenges. I’d also invest in additional expeditions to study subglacial systems, as they are still relatively novel. 

Where do you see yourself after your postdoc?

Ideally, I’d like to continue in academia. I love my work and have built a strong network of collaborators. However, finding a permanent position that aligns with my personal and professional priorities is challenging. I want to stay in Europe, close to friends and family, which might limit my options.

What big question would you like to answer in the future?

I’d like to bridge the gap between organic and inorganic geochemistry by combining organic matter reactivity models with biomarker data, such as isotopes. This integration could have a significant impact on environmental science, biogeochemistry, and marine sciences.

If you could change one thing in science, what would it be?

The funding system. It’s currently a time-consuming and inefficient process that often feels like a lottery. I’d also reform the academic journal system, which exploits scientists for free labor while generating significant profits for the publishing houses.

What does an ideal day off look like for you?

Spending time with my daughter, going for walks, and being outdoors as much as possible. I’d also like to catch up with friends scattered across the globe and enjoy my hobbies like photography, cycling, and diving.

Philip Pika is an iC3 affiliated postdoc working at the BGEOSYS lab in Brussels, Belgium. To find out more about his work, please check out his list of publications, or contact him by email or via LinkedIn.

If you are interested in joining the friendly iC3 team as a postdoc, read this.