Interview: "If we don't study them now, we might miss the opportunity to understand what was present and how it might change"

In this interview, PhD researcher Lucie Goraguer describes her work on Southern Ocean primary production and Arctic ecosystems, revealing the intriguing dynamics of phytoplankton and their role in carbon cycling, and share her spirit and love for skiing and mountain running amidst Arctic landscapes.

Can you describe your research and its significance?

I'm currently focusing on studying seasonality of phytoplankton communities, and to a lesser extent, zooplankton, in the fjords of Svalbard as well in the Southern Ocean. Kongsfjorden, the fjord I am studying, is interesting because it is influenced by both Atlantic and Arctic waters, with several glacier outlets. My research aims to understand the differences between the inner and outer parts of the fjord for example, particularly how climate change affects phytoplankton composition over the years. We are also examining carbon flux, which is crucial because when phytoplankton grow in the spring, they sink to deeper depths, transporting carbon and contributing to the biological carbon cycle. By studying these processes, we hope to identify changes in the ecosystem and predict future trends.

Photo credit : Karoline Barstein (NTNU)

Why is your research important right now?

It's crucial to study these communities now because some phytoplankton species only exist in specific environments, like those influenced by ice meltwater systems. If we don't study them now, we might miss the opportunity to understand what was present and how it might change. This knowledge is essential for forecasting future ecological shifts, especially with the ongoing impacts of climate change. As the climate warms, we may see new species entering these ecosystems, and it's important to understand their impact.

Do you expect to see changes in species composition due to climate change?

Yes, we are already observing changes. There are more Atlantic species moving north, competing with truly Arctic species. This competition is interesting to study because it could lead to shifts in the ecosystem. However, it's hard to predict if Atlantic species will completely take over. It requires long-term study to understand these effects fully. For example, we may acknowledge autumnal blooms in the Barents Sea, which are common at lower latitude, possibly due to decreased sea ice, which allows for more biological activity.

Have you visited Antarctica or Svalbard for your research?

I haven't been to Antarctica yet, but I've spent quite a bit of time in Svalbard. I have fieldwork planned for this spring, with trips in April and May. I enjoy both working in the lab and going on research cruises, as each offers a different perspective. Being in the field provides a better understanding of the ecosystems we study, beyond what you can learn from papers and screens.

Can you tell us about your background and how you ended up in this field?

I'm originally from a small French island “Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon”, south of Newfoundland, Canada. I did my bachelor's degree at the University of Quebec in Montreal, where I experienced cold winters. I then participated in an Exchange program in Norway, which led me to focus on Arctic marine ecology. I decided to stay in Norway for my master's because of the opportunities for fieldwork and the close relationships with professors. After my master's, I worked as a research assistant at the Norwegian Polar Institute and the University of Tromso, which solidified my interest in marine ecology.

What do you enjoy doing outside of work?

I love being active, especially skiing in the winter and mountain running in the summer. I also enjoy climbing and trail running. These activities allow me to connect with the natural environments I study and provide a balance to my scientific work.

Photo credit: Lucie Goraguer

Do you have any hidden talents or skills?

I wouldn't call it a hidden talent, but I've trained myself to be a phytoplankton taxonomist. I can identify species under a microscope, which is crucial for understanding ecosystem diversity and changes. It's a skill that requires patience and a keen eye, but it's rewarding to see the bigger picture of how ecosystems function.

Can you share a book or movie that has influenced you?

One book that had a significant impact on me is about a runner named Hillary Allen. She survived a 200-meter fall during a race in Tromsø and went through a long rehabilitation process. Her story of resilience and determination to return to the race two years later was inspiring, especially when I was recovering from my own injury. It taught me about the power of perseverance and the importance of moving forward despite setbacks.

Do you have a personal motto or philosophy?

I believe in not procrastinating because it's a waste of time. I try to always be learning something new and making the most of every opportunity. This mindset helps me stay focused and motivated in both my work and personal life.

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Lucie Goraguer is an iC3 PhD student at the Norwegian Polar Institute and the Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø, the capital of the Arctic. To find out more about her work, please check out her list of publications, or contact her by email.

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